Special Report: Cycling

Hamilton Bike Share Used for Commuting

Public policy should reflect the real potential for cycling to accommodate people's daily transportation needs.

By Ryan McGreal
Published April 08, 2016

I was curious about the distribution of Hamilton Bike Share trips by hour of day, so I took the set of every trip since the service launched a year ago in mid-January and made a chart:

Chart 1: Hamilton Bike Share trips by hour
Chart 1: Hamilton Bike Share trips by hour

As you can see, the quietest hour of the day for bike share trips is between 5:00 and 6:00 AM, after which ridership rapidly climbs to a peak at 9:00 AM. Ridership declines a bit and plateaus during the day and then rises to a second, taller peak between 5:00 and 6:00 PM before falling off steadily into the night.

I'm interested in those two peaks, which correspond with AM and PM rush hour, when most people are heading to and from work and transportation systems are at their busiest. This tells us that a non-trivial percentage of bike share rides are commutes to - and especially from - work.

To dig a bit deeper, I excluded weekend days from the data set and plotted a chart with just weekday rides.

Chart 2: Hamilton Bike Share trips by weekday
Chart 2: Hamilton Bike Share trips by hour on weekdays

When you strip out weekends, the AM and PM ridership spikes become even more pronounced. They're easily 60 percent higher than the midday average between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM.

Just to see the spike more clearly, here is a chart of rides per hour on just weekend days:

Chart 3: Hamilton Bike Share trips by hour on weekend days
Chart 3: Hamilton Bike Share trips by hour on weekend days

As you see, it follows something closer to a normal (bell-curve) distribution, rising from the lowest ridership at 6:00 AM to a plateau between 3:00 and 5:00 PM and declining thereafter. This weekend distribution of trips looks more like the pattern you would expect of a service that is mainly recreational rather than commuter-oriented.

For me, the biggest takeaway here is that on weekdays, Hamilton Bike Share is definitely not just a way for hipsters to tool around for fun. The results show that that Bike Share is a legitimate component of the city's transportation infrastructure.

For a municipality that too often makes cycling infrastructure decisions based on the assumption that cycling is for recreation, this is an important reminder that public policy should reflect the real potential for cycling to accommodate people's daily transportation needs.

Ryan McGreal, the editor of Raise the Hammer, lives in Hamilton with his family and works as a programmer, writer and consultant. Ryan volunteers with Hamilton Light Rail, a citizen group dedicated to bringing light rail transit to Hamilton. Ryan wrote a city affairs column in Hamilton Magazine, and several of his articles have been published in the Hamilton Spectator. His articles have also been published in The Walrus, HuffPost and Behind the Numbers. He maintains a personal website, has been known to share passing thoughts on Twitter and Facebook, and posts the occasional cat photo on Instagram.

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By JasonL (registered) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 13:40:49

this makes no sense. Certain councillors have data that proves anyone riding a bike or using transit is an unemployed activist. So maybe all these people are just going out for leisure rides during those peak hours and then heading back home to play video games and plan their next activist endeavours.....

......

Or, maybe human beings without cars still have jobs and go to school like everyone else.....

Maybe

Comment edited by JasonL on 2016-04-08 13:41:35

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By JasonL (registered) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 13:43:18 in reply to Comment 117530

oh come on. Now you're just full of crazy talk The lotto ticket agent at Westcliffe Mall drives to work everyday. Therefore, everyone else should be forced too as well.

Comment edited by JasonL on 2016-04-08 13:44:08

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By seancb (registered) - website | Posted April 08, 2016 at 13:56:22

the smoothness of the curve on weekends is somehow compelling to look at. now how about this - turn this data into a waveform and let's see what the song sounds like

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By Yay (anonymous) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 14:40:07 in reply to Comment 117530

I'm one of them!

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By Cheap (anonymous) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 16:11:06 in reply to Comment 117530

I think if you own a car you can buy a bike.

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By Mark-Alan (anonymous) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 17:39:22

Why do they lose money?

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 19:20:29

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 19:37:37 in reply to Comment 117530

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By dur (anonymous) | Posted April 08, 2016 at 23:29:04 in reply to Comment 117545

This article does not mention cars at all. The point is that people are using the bikes for trips that are not pure recreation.

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By sobiist (anonymous) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 07:21:11

I use the service for commuting. It gets me close enough to the b-line bus to make it a viable option, whereas walking to the b-line stop would take too long. I also own a car. Seems like commuting would be the most logical explanation for a spike in sobi rides during peak commuting times. Probably there is a larger spike at 5pm because it includes commuters plus folks just using sobi to run errands after work.

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By Fred Street (anonymous) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 07:22:41

SoBi Hamilton has been active for about 15 months now. It would be interesting to see this kind of data broken into quarterly segments.

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By JasonL (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 10:14:48 in reply to Comment 117548

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By MattM (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 11:06:23 in reply to Comment 117535

how do you "lose money" if you're a not-for-profit?

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By Wow (anonymous) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 11:31:43 in reply to Comment 117560

You would be a terrible treasurer

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By rth (anonymous) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 14:02:03 in reply to Comment 117547

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 17:58:38 in reply to Comment 117548

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 17:59:14 in reply to Comment 117559

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 17:59:58 in reply to Comment 117551

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 18:01:07 in reply to Comment 117555

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 18:03:14

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By dur (anonymous) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 19:17:19 in reply to Comment 117575

Only when someone (you?) is coming from a perspective of cars being the only legitimate mode of transportation, which they aren't.

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By dur (anonymous) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 19:23:21 in reply to Comment 117576

You are going to have a hard time taking bike share down if your plan is to attack it on price one rider at a time. Why not just accept that you don't understand it and move on? No one is making you use it. Live and let live..

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By ergopepsi (registered) | Posted April 09, 2016 at 19:40:04 in reply to Comment 117579

I agree this guy seems to like being a prick just for the hell of it.

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By Porkwarrior (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 00:23:36

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Comment edited by Porkwarrior on 2016-04-10 00:27:03

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By Harumph (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 09:14:12 in reply to Comment 117584

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By tootrue (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 09:15:21 in reply to Comment 117579

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By infairness (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 09:25:09 in reply to Comment 117585

In fairness they are kinda cute and not very expensive. Like flower boxes. I am ok with that.

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By Solutions Please (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 09:29:36 in reply to Comment 117584

"Because all the jobs that aren't dependent on grants or the gov't have been driven out of Hamilton."

And yet you advocate for the status quo which contributed to the above. That's some kind of civic masochism you're packing there. A far too typical self loathing Hamiltonian.

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By JasonL (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 09:47:20 in reply to Comment 117585

there's only one thing Hamilton spends billions on. Tally up our city hall spending from 1960 until today and get back to us with the most massive government subsidized aspect of life in Hamilton.

Spoiler: safety of residents during transport won't occupy even a sliver of said graph.

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By JasonL (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 09:49:08 in reply to Comment 117584

newsflash! Some people choose to live close to their workplace, and when commuting by Sobi means they can park and walk into their workplace about 17 seconds after arriving.

Other people choose to keep moving further and further away from their place of work.

It's a free world. If someone wants to get up at 4am and drive for 3 hours that's their choice.

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By your right (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 10:48:22 in reply to Comment 117589

The only thing we spend billions on is police, fire and ambulance and other labor costs.

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By MattPinder (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 11:14:32 in reply to Comment 117584

As a recent McMaster grad I acknowledge the frustration of the lack of jobs in Hamilton. But services like the bike share actually have the power to bring back jobs to Hamilton, by making it a more desirable place to live. Case in point, one of the reasons I moved to Hamilton was that the bike share allows me to not own a car, saving a ton of money in the process.

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By huh? (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 11:42:34 in reply to Comment 117586

the riders are paying for it. in exactly the same way every user of every mode of transportation pays for their use, through a mix of taxes, user fees, and direct costs.

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 20:36:05 in reply to Comment 117596

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 20:37:20 in reply to Comment 117580

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 20:38:53 in reply to Comment 117590

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By sigh (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 21:45:26 in reply to Comment 117598

cut downtowninhamilton some slack people. its really difficult being on the wrong side of history. constantly trying to figure out new ways to not face the overwhelming evidence that your world view is outdated

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By exactly (anonymous) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 21:47:29 in reply to Comment 117587

you, of course, are referring to trolls?

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By ergopepsi (registered) | Posted April 10, 2016 at 22:01:50 in reply to Comment 117600

He has a hate-on for downtown because he sold his house in the lower city years ago and now realizes that he not only lost 100k for selling too early but is now paying a mortgage in a suburban desert instead of living where the action is. It is simply spite masquerading as 'a different point of view'.

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By jim (anonymous) | Posted April 11, 2016 at 04:51:41 in reply to Comment 117596

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By KevinLove (registered) | Posted April 11, 2016 at 08:09:46 in reply to Comment 117604

Yes, a revolution happened in Hamilton in the post WWII era that led to the city being car-dominated. But have no fear. Other places have had a second revolution to make them people-dominated again.

They did it. We can too.

Comment edited by KevinLove on 2016-04-11 08:10:15

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By reality (anonymous) | Posted April 11, 2016 at 08:29:48 in reply to Comment 117584

Zero dollars of municipal taxes go into the program, and the initial funding was pulled from money that the province already gave to Hamilton for alternative transportation but was yet unspent.. Meaning it has zero effect on anybody's tax bill. Look it up before shooting your mouth off

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By highasageorgiapine (registered) | Posted April 11, 2016 at 08:40:27

i love the bike share and use it often for commuting but without investing in a comprehensive, city-wide cycling infrastructure plan and expanding the geographic reach of the program it's not really going to be a serious consideration as a commuting alternative for most people.

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By seancb (registered) - website | Posted April 11, 2016 at 16:10:36 in reply to Comment 117535

There is no operational subsidy for bike share.

But that aside, aren't you in support of free transit?

Fully subsidize the HSR, make it free. But an operational review and economy of scale saving are necessary to cut out the overlap first. Bring all aspects of transportation, including disabled transit, into one structure, and millions can be saved.

--Mark-Alan Whittle

Why not free bike share then? The cost to operate the entire bike share system would be similar to the cost of operating a single HSR bus.

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By Crap warrior (anonymous) | Posted April 11, 2016 at 17:05:28 in reply to Comment 117584

Careful Porkwarrior, the mask is slipping from your identity politics. Tregunno closed (I miss them too) because the family that owned it decided to retire, and the new privately owned business there is mainly office space for small firms, startups, entrepreneurs, freelancers etc - I guess those aren't the right kinds of free enterprise for you.

Oh and the city's contract with SoBi is for 5 years, which means they have another 3+ years to finish becoming self sufficient in operations. So sorry you're offended that they're doing well.

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By Megan (registered) | Posted April 12, 2016 at 09:00:48 in reply to Comment 117576

I have a bike and a bike share membership. They serve different purposes. I drive my kids to daycare and school in the morning and suppose I could strap my bike to the back of the car, but for less than $10/month I can access bikes close to work. Makes running impromptu errands easier too. There are many trips that are short enough that I'd rather not drive on a nice day, but that are too far to walk on a lunch break.

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By Chris the Data Analyst (anonymous) | Posted April 12, 2016 at 15:20:10

Lovely data, Ryan. Speaking as one of those who uses SoBi principally (if not exclusively) to commute to and from work, I have no difficulty believing your thesis. And your data supports that thesis quite unambiguously!

I was wondering about your y-axis. Looking across your charts, it looks like the y-axis numbers are sums (totals), rather than averages? What happens to the scale when you average across days? I imagine that (e.g.) those 20K+ rides during 17h and 18h become c. 50-60 rides/day?

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 12, 2016 at 18:51:31 in reply to Comment 117600

Yeah, the wrong side of history. That's it. And if my worldview is outdated at my mid 30s, then I can only imagine what the future will bring!

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By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted April 12, 2016 at 18:53:00 in reply to Comment 117602

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Comment edited by DowntownInHamilton on 2016-04-12 18:55:07

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By Tyler (anonymous) | Posted April 13, 2016 at 11:30:22

I can be lazy in the morning, so I tend to take the bus from West Hamilton to downtown for work in the morning, but take a SoBi bike home in the afternoon. I also own a car, but my present system costs less than parking downtown, not to mention the raised costs of fuel and insurance if I took my car every day.

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By mdrejhon (registered) - website | Posted April 15, 2016 at 18:15:52 in reply to Comment 117535

Mark-Alan Whittle,

Are you aware that SoBi bikeshare breaks even operationally at half rides per day than BIXI?

Smartbike systems such as SoBi breaks-even at only 2 rides per bike per day average, and I interviewed SoBiHamilton during their anniversary party, for an upcoming RTH article. They break-even operationally.

Sure, they need capital for expansion, but, operationally break even. Huge cost savings occur because bike rebalancing is partially crowdsourced. (Riders get a reward in bike credit when returning an offdock bike to a dock). Full docks don't need an emergency rebalance (SoBi electronic U-bar allows docking nearby pole, tree, fence or regular bike rack).

I own a bike but see the allure of this system. While I still drive to Aldershot GO for more flexible all-day GO service -- personally if I am up early enough in good weather, I now use SoBi to commute to the GO station. My SoBi+GO commute actually competes with my Aldershot drive+GO commute. The 1-way biking convenience allows park-and-forget without the usual weather/theft worries. I can take a bus or taxi "in the other direction" on the bad days. On pay-per-use (the cheapie $5 membership), that 10 minute bike commute to the GO station cost only ~80 cents (the $4/hr is pro-rated to the second), which is cheaper than a bus fare! I was so impressed a year ago, that I upgraded to a monthly membership.

Let's be VERY glad we didn't choose a BIXI type system for a lower-density city -- the smartbike system allowed larger number of dumbdocks spread over a larger lower-density city than Toronto. Ours is 45 sq/km compared to Toronto's 15 sq/km coverage.

Comment edited by mdrejhon on 2016-04-15 18:27:12

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By mdrejhon (registered) - website | Posted April 15, 2016 at 20:24:19 in reply to Comment 117665

I am of one who believe SoBi should expand throughout the whole Hamilton metro area eventually, someday.

More about my SoBi+GO commute experience: http://www.raisethehammer.org/article/29...

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